The American Revolution - 1371 Words

The American Revolution was revolutionary by definition because it was successful in bringing about political, economic, and social reform. The colonies fought to be free of the British monarchy and replace it with self-government and with representatives elected by the citizens to govern to the will of the people. This was a radical change in the political stage where the people were ruled by a distant king that had no interest in the welfare of the colonies beyond its enrichment to the crown. The colonies gained an economic benefit from their detachment from England as well. All of the revenue created by the colonies was now their own. The trade restrictions created by the idea of mercantilism were no longer in place. All of the raw materials and natural resources that the colonies supplied England with such as indigo, cotton, tobacco, and rice were now owned by the colonies solely. The new political structure also brought about major changes to the social norms. People of all classes had a role in their own government. The differences between the social classes became a little less prominent since all had a say in the government. The colonies’ revolt from England politicized women and African Americans and even though the major changes for these classes came later in history it is important to recognize that the Revolution was the beginning of these changes. The new government, through the powerful new constitution, opened the door for individual roles to continueShow MoreRelatedThe American Revolution : The Revolution1367 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Revolution Revolutionizes the World It was the first revolution to majorly succeed and change how people saw their countries, it was the American Revolution. The American Revolution was the first successful revolution against a European empire that provided a model for many other colonial peoples who realized that they too could break away and become self-governing nations (New world Encyclopedia, 1).The American Revolution was vital to history because ideas seen by other countries startedRead MoreThe Revolution Of The American Revolution999 Words   |  4 PagesBetween 1770 and 1776, resistance to imperial change turned into a full-on revolution. The American Revolution, also known as the Revolutionary War, was a time of revolting and political uprising, in which the 13 colonies separated from the British Empire, forming the independent nation known as the United States of America. Though the American Revolution began because the colonies wanted independence from Britain, many important historical events and revolts also lead to the tensions and resistanceRead MoreThe Revolution Of The American Revolution1362 Words   |  6 PagesEvery 4th of July, Americans are told the story of the American Revolution. We remember the oppressed colonists fighting against the tyrannical King George III and the formidable red coats. Patriotic heroes are remembered, evil kings are cursed, and the liberties and freedoms won from the war are celebrated. Though America often likes to look back to the revolution, the question of just how much a revolution was the American Revolution is rarely asked. While the American revolution was not as radicalRead MoreThe Revolution Of The American Revolution863 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many different views on how the American Revolution came to be and how it actually was. One way is that the colonists that had money and were known as the elite were trying to preserve their power from the British and this is what caused the revolutionary war. Then on the other hand bef ore the revolutionary war occurred when the colonists were being over controlled by the British, then in result of the American Revolution the colonists were able to win against the British and become strongerRead MoreThe Revolution Of The American Revolution1582 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The revolution was effected before the war commenced. The revolution was in the minds and hearts of the people.† - John Adams, 1818 This quote means that the revolution actually took place metaphorically before the actually fighting began. It took place in the emotions and thoughts of the Americans. The Road to Revolution After the Seven Years’ War created a financial problem for Britain The British tried to shoulder some of the financial responsibilities onto the Americas in the form of variousRead MoreThe Revolution Of The American Revolution850 Words   |  4 PagesIn regards to the American Revolution, the point that armed rebellion became inevitable arrived when after nearly five constant years of American colonist protesting. American s had enough and needed to take a stand for the numerous inequalities they were forced to deal with. It was foreseeable that the American Revolution took place due to the unfair taxes that the British were giving Americans. Also, England was not allowing Americans their freedom, along with violence and the political dominanceRead MoreThe American Revolution. The American Revolution Started1581 Words   |  7 PagesThe American Revolution The American Revolution started when King George the 3rd decided to make the American Colonies pay a large amount of money for the debt of the French and Indian War by giving the colonist different types of taxes like the Sugar Act in 1764. The sugar Act of 1764 was a British Law that was passed on April 5, 1764, that collected incomes from the 13 colonies. The act put a huge tax on the sugar and molasses that were imported into the colonies which were a huge impact for theRead MoreThe American Revolution1337 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Revolution was much more than an insurrection against British tariffs and patronage decree. Rather, it was a bureaucratic catastrophe in which colonists from the thirteen American colonies denied the British sovereignty, eradicated the jurisdiction of Great Britain and established the United States of America. The upheaval was a primitive modern revolution in which generality traversed for liberty in the statute of law, constitutional privilege and supremacy. Ensuing years of contentionRead MoreThe American Revolution889 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Revolution was one of the most vital events in American History lasting form 1775 to 1783, it effected the nation socially, economically and politically. The American Revolution brought upon many changes in America, and freedom of the nation. The Revolutionary War was a stepping stone to what we are as a nation today, it created both short and long-term effects on the world. When wanting to blame a certain side, the British politicians or the American agitators, several key points leadRead MoreThe American Revolution993 Words   |  4 PagesThe topic of the American Revolution is a topic that has been discussed on multiple levels and is extremely well-known, especially within the United States. The details are a little on the generic and basic side but it is at least understood on some level. Most people are aware of the American standpoint, the what, why, how, and when , but there is much more depth to what occurred. The war was obviously between the Americas and the Mother country of Britain, but there were more than just those two

A Brief Note On Unemployment And Minimum Wage Essay

Unemployment and Minimum Wage Both the microeconomics and the macroeconomics theories dictate that an increase in the minimum wage will directly impact the rate of unemployment by shooting upwards. As of the moment, there is a heated debate on whether the Congress should pass a bill that seeks to increase United States minimum wage. The consequent change will eventually have both positive as well as negative impacts on various economical aspects particularly unemployment. As for this paper, the focus will be narrowed down to examining the link between minimum wage and unemployment rates across states and also highlighting the current state of unemployment in both Los Angeles and Seattle. In reference to microeconomic theory, the bare minimum wage is considered the price level on top of the equilibrium that is set by the demand and supply curve. A slight increase in the minimum wage greatly impacts the quantity of workers supplied in the economy by significantly increasing due to the initial heave of interest to enroll in the workforce. Similarly, there will be a decline in the quantity of demanded labor given that the marginal labor cost will directly increase as the minimum wage increases. As a result of the increased quantity supplied and the subsequent decrease in demanded quantity, there will be a creation of labor surplus in the workforce, culminating in the increased rates of unemployment. With an increase in the minimum wage on top of the normal equilibrium in theShow MoreRelatedMinimum Wage6018 Words   |  25 PagesHistory of the Minimum Wage  · 1938 -- The minimum wage was first enacted into law as part of the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) of 1938. The original minimum wage applied to workers engaged in interstate commerce and the production of goods for interstate commerce. 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Reports of plans comprising of the NREGA workers burrowing trench and after that re-filling them at work sites, of labourers not being paid their wages, of swelled muster rolls with non-existent labours and substantial sums being cheated out of the system which is sufficiently funded by the Center, and most recently, the abhorrent homicide of whistle-blowers and social activists whose work had uncoveredRead MoreLabour Economics5713 Words   |  23 Pagesof wage- Hence, a paid adjustment of thesupply of labour to its demand is not possible. 6.Labour is not mobile as capital: - The difference inenvironments, languages, customs etc at different placesis hinderences to the mobility of the worker from one placeto another. 7.The marginal productivity of labour is comparatively lessthan capital. 8.Finally, labour is a living thing and that makes all thedifferences. Q3.What is meant by the term wages? 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Consequently, many available jobs cannot be filled due to lack of skilled employees. Statement of the Problem With the growing number of Americans being economically disadvantage, the Mid-South is dealing withRead MoreEffects of the Youth Unemployment in Kenya16576 Words   |  67 PagesThe Long-Term Effects of Youth Unemployment Dr. Thomas A. Mroz and Dr. Timothy H. Savage University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and Welch Consulting Economists A STUDY BY THE EMPLOYMENT POLICIES INSTITUTE October 2001 he Employment Policies Institute (EPI) is a nonprofit research organization dedicated to studying public policy issues surrounding employment growth. In particular, EPI research focuses on issues that affect entry-level employment. 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On the other corner of about 36.9 million persons and an unemployment rate of approximately 6.6 percent and a median household worth of $ 162,000 includes the 55 to 64-year-olds. It is ideal to note that this is not the occurrence within the context of the job arena. Generations focus on eliminatingRead MoreEconomics Text Book Chapter Summaries21497 Words   |  86 PagesThe following chapter summaries are mostly based on the McConnell Brue text â€Å"Economics- 16th Ed.† Details available at http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072819359/information_center_view0/ note .. arrow means â€Å"leads to,† â€Å"results in,† â€Å"causes† Chapter 1 – The Nature and Method of Economics Economics is the study of scarcity and choice Key concept- opportunity cost: for a person to get more of one thing... he/she must forego getting something else e.g. to get food mustRead MoreRelationship Between Unemployment And Inflation3391 Words   |  14 Pages[TYPE THE COMPANY NAME] Economics Assignment [Type the document subtitle] 1/18/2015 â€Æ' Table of Contents: Table of Contents: 2 Section 1: Relationship between Unemployment and Inflation 3 Unemployment: 3 Inflation: 3 Phillips curve: 4 SRPC- Short Run Phillips curve: 4 Real Life example of Unemployment in Australia 5 Section 2: Simple model of AD and AS 6 Aggregate demand and Aggregate supply: 6 What is AD or aggregate demand? 6 Consumption Expenditure: 6 Investment Demand: 7 Government Expenditure:

Marketing Plan for Educational Institution/University Free Essays

string(224) " growth in tie up program is absence of teaching staff and the irregularity of operation or running the program also marketing efforts we did is not satisfactory everything is pointed towards the increase in labor turnover\." MIDDLE EAST UNIVERSITY FZE MARKETING STRATEGY AND PLAN Membership Marketing Strategy Purpose Group President MEU Chair:Mr. Janardhanan Pariyarath Chancellor: Vice Chancellor : Head of Student Services and Enrollment : Dean of Graduate Program: Dean of Post Graduate Program: HOD School of Nursing: HOD, School of Management: HOD School of Pharmacy : Admissions Director : Student/Staff Member – MEU: Chancellor’s Advisor: Marketing Team: Meeting: The Marketing Strategy Purpose Group MEU IS TO BE CONDUCTED ON†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Purpose The goals of the Marketing Strategy Purpose Group are to: ?Define target student populations for MEU ?Determine academic programs to be promoted ?Establish a marketing plan that focuses on increasing enrollment The Marketing Strategy Purpose Group is here submitting the (FOR APPROVAL) MARKETING PLAN GUIDING PRINCIPLES TO President Mr. Janardhanan Pariyarath to use as a guide EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Enrollment growth is of strategic importance to the future of the Middle East University. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Plan for Educational Institution/University or any similar topic only for you Order Now Marketing is an integral element of any recruitment activity. The Marketing Strategy Purpose Group (SPG) IS TO BE FORMED. All of the offices departments and staff have to pool the resources and funding in order to reach a broader audience of potential students. This partnership has been a positive step in achieving enrollment goals, and must continue in the future with the support of other departments across the campus. With the Marketing Plan Guiding Principles as a starting point, the Purpose Group began to determine actions that must be taken in order to improve enrollment and strengthen the overall image of the MEU Using research from a number of sources, the Purpose Group IS TO IDENTIFY a pool of academic programs for promotion to potential students. A. HALO PROGRAMMES OF MEU ?Bachelor and post bachelor program under School of Nursing B. Core mix of programs of MEU ?Bachelor and post bachelor program under school of Management ? Bachelor and post bachelor program under school of Arts ?Bachelor and post bachelor program under school of pharmacy ? PHD Program C. Tie-up programs of MEU MBA, MCOM, MA, BBA, BCOM, BA, BSC – Calicut University. Target Audiences Target Audiences – Health care Industries, Hospitals, Medical Organizations ?Target Audiences – Traditional Fresher’s from schools for graduate Programs ?Target Audiences – Community College for post graduate program ? Target Audiences – Traditional Students (Employed expatriates) ? Target Audiences – Diverse Student Body Marketing activities among the above targeted audience include: †¢Res earch †¢Recruitment Geographic Range †¢Image Building/Promotion of the University as a Quality Institution †¢Web Site/E-recruiting †¢Promotion of Academic Programs and Halo Programs †¢Scholarship Development Enrollment Advisory Group †¢Internal Communication †¢Internal Marketing †¢Television and Radio †¢Media Relations †¢Visit Programs †¢Alumni †¢Community Involvement Based on demand from prospective students and growth potential and employment trends. Halo Programs were decided based on the positive effect of these quality programs on the overall image of the university. It was Decided that there will be overall promotion for academic programs, however research is also used to ascertain which marketing tools were the most effective for promotion to MEU’s primary target audiences. Finally, it is recommended that funding be increased for promotion, including funding for new research to be implemented that will assist in the marketing effort for MEU. In order to make the most effective marketing decisions, research will be needed. MARKETING PLAN GUIDING PRINCIPLES 2013-2014 A. Strengthen our connection to the MEU without diminishing our identity. B. Reinforce the university’s image as: a. An institution of academic excellence b. A comprehensive university with the intimacy of a small college. c. A campus where the student is the center of the universe Focus A. n our target population, which consists of five prospective groups: a)Target Audiences – Health care Industries, Hospitals, Medical organizations b)Target Audiences – Traditional Fresher’s from schools for graduate programs and Community College for post graduate program c)Target Audiences – Traditional Students (Employed expatriates) d)Target Audiences – Diverse S tudent Body C. Concentrate on promoting a small number of academic programs, selected on the basis of these considerations: a)Extraordinary quality and/or reputation: halo programs. b)High demand program c)Enrollment flexibility (e. g. online, evening and weekend courses) While capacity should be a factor in certain cases, the choice of programs should not be driven by considerations of excess or insufficient capacity. Some â€Å"prestige† programs may not have the capacity to absorb more students, but they create a â€Å"halo effect† that makes the university as a whole attractive to prospective students. At the same time, increased demand for a limited-capacity program would create the need to expand it. D. Package online, evening and weekend courses as â€Å"the flexible curriculum† and promote it to non-traditional and non-local students. FINDINGS Marketing Strategy Purpose Group has formed a set of recommendation to make satisfaction inventory analysis. Statistics are to be collected from several sources: 1. Visit to school 2. Parents and other family 3. Current students 4. College admissions staff 5. College web site 6. Catalogs, view books 7. Graduates of school 8. Friends 9. College guidebooks 10. Guidance counselor or teacher Television and radio advertising did not leave a lasting impression on The students but that broadcast advertising was very influential. The following elements and questions are going to be put forward or pointed out while approaching the prospects. If SPG is to check out these questions and should make answer by giving proper suggestion to the management, everything is concerned towards MEU Satisfaction Inventory analysis. ?Courses and majors ?Brochures about Academic programs ?Admission information/catalogs ?Approval and accreditation from the ministry of education or any other agency ? Faculty information about each course and programs offered ? Regularity of operational efficiency ?General feels and rapport about the university institution ? Cost breakdown ?Infrastructure and Housing information ?Campus life/student information ?Financial aid estimator Campus tour ?Extracurricular activities, tour, annual day, cultural, artistic programs. ?Library resources, Recreation facilities, Campus Safety MEU Satisfaction Inventory †¢The overall level of satisfaction at MEU is significantly higher. †¢MEU students place a high level of importance on academic quality of faculty, content of courses within their major, campus saf ety, parking and academic advising. †¢The least important things of MEU students pointed out are sports and leisure activities †¢MEU students continue to express concern that they cannot always easily get the classes they need to graduate on time. Basic element and reason behind lack of growth in tie up program is absence of teaching staff and the irregularity of operation or running the program also marketing efforts we did is not satisfactory everything is pointed towards the increase in labor turnover. You read "Marketing Plan for Educational Institution/University" in category "Papers" Advertising Budgets of Comparable Universities It is difficult to accurately estimate the percentage of funds devoted to advertising and promotion at MEU Although University Relations is the department that has funding specifically allocated for advertising and promotion, many units across the campus are spending funds from their budgets on marketing projects. Although the MEU Accounting Department is unable to provide an accurate total of money spent on advertising and promotion across the university due to inconsistent coding of expenditures across the units. There are several departments at those campuses engaged, in marketing activities, and there is not an accurate record of money spent on advertising and promotion. RECOMMENDATIONS Funding In order to adequately address the five target populations and to strengthen the image of the university, more funds must be allocated to marketing. Other public universities in close proximity to MEU are spending substantially more money on marketing and advertising. That assumption is based on the large amount of radio, television and direct mail advertising that is in the marketplace from these institutions. MEU’s message is getting lost quickly in a flood of advertising from such institutions as Wisdom, Atlas, HAWK, Sharjah, City college Ajman, While some of these institutions are not direct competitors, nevertheless, potential students are choosing these schools instead of MEU. Research New research will be needed to track the results of the marketing effort MEU. It will be time to re-evaluate the impact of the latest marketing and promotion plans. It is difficult to measure the success or failure of any plan without research. Although it is expensive, research can also protect the institution from costly mistakes. Recruitment Geographic Range A geographical recruitment range has been defined to attract students. MEU students are primarily EXPATRIATES IN UAE. An area of growth for MEU is REQUIRED. By focusing marketing efforts TO SHARJAH DUBAI, AJMAN, UMMUL QUAIN, This range would obviously change when student housing becomes a reality on the MEU campus. Image Building/Promotion of the University as a Quality Institution There must be a two-prong approach to marketing. Image building is the first step. This will be done through the creation of television, radio and print ads. Several ads need to be created to speak to each of the target populations. Some of the advertising should showcase more of our most notable/successful alumni. They are the best proof MEU has of people achieving their goals through education. This campaign can be expanded to include alumni with their favorite/most influential MEU professor. This will help potential students make the connection that one-on-one attention from faculty is an important quality, and a unique attribute of MEU. The second prong of image building is promotion. Promotion includes all public relations and media relations activities. The accomplishments of students and faculty must be highlighted for the public whenever possible. An important resource for image building is the recent AND PAST Student Satisfaction Inventory. By using the results of a survey by MEU students, this information can be sent to potential students, parents, alumni and others. It is a strong statement about the quality of the institution. Image building requires time. While MEU is already thought of as a quality university, this perception can be strengthened through promotional efforts that show the actions of the campus community. The goal is to be a top consideration for students pursuing higher education. Web Site/E-recruiting College web sites are a key factor in attracting students. MEU is nearing the completion of a re-designed, interactive web site that will serve potential and current students in a more professional manner. The new site will have an updated application form, a financial aid calculator, and an improved catalog component. Members of the University Relations staff will monitor all aspects of the web site weekly. The web site must also be promoted through an image campaign. By having positive experiences on the web site will help to build good word-of-mouth references for MEU. With a strong web site presence, more emphasis can be placed on recruitment techniques through the MEU web site. One recommendation from is to hold online Open houses for students. Other considerations include e-mail alerts about campus events and establishing a dialogue with admissions counselors and faculty. In the long run, a stronger web site and e-recruitment plan can add up to substantial cost savings by eliminating the need for printing and postage. a)Target Audiences – Health care Industries, Hospitals, Medical organizations TARGET AUDIENCE NURSING The Office of Graduate Programs has done outstanding work in the area of marketing. An extensive series of brochures promoting each of the programs has been produced. MORE than the potentiality of the market and the possibilities of the market is not considered. As nursing courses is becoming key element of the all programs of MEU. Still the MEU Not taking any scientific way for answering questions of targeted group which may come across on the time of marketing operation PROSPECTED nursing target candidates are enrolling because of the need only. Highly demanded market prospects are coming to enrollment automatically, here â€Å"better suggestion and recommending habit of the market† is to be noted. MEU ALSO required taking much effort for strengthening the technical support from the Ministry of higher education UAE, Indian Nursing Counsel, and all authoritative bodies MEU stands out from other universities by offering NURSING AND PHARMACY COURSES, MEU and allied institution hold good status providing these courses and program to targeted audience in hospital and medical organizations. Since there is such a large potential student population that is undecided about their course of study, we need to develop a marketing campaign that solely addresses the need to provide this group with options and assistance in plotting a course for their future. As a purpose group member observed, â€Å"We (MEU) have success with the ‘I Can’ts. ’ We need to empower them. † This ould be a unique marketing campaign by identifying the â€Å"undecideds† and offering them support and solutions as they find their way to a major. Marketing images and slogans, there was nearly universal response for images and ideas that provided the perception of â€Å"choice and possibility. † This is a theme that can be used to address traditional freshmen in marketing materials. b)Target Audiences Target Audiences – Traditional Fresher’s from schools in UAE for graduate programs and Community College for post graduate program Community college transfer students are an area of enrollment growth at MEU. The Office of Admissions is having great success with regularly scheduled â€Å"On the Spot Transfer Days† at MEU. There should proper marketing strategy for BBA, BCOM and OTHER DEGREE PROGRAM. Concerned other competitors MEU’s share in the market is very poor, mainly because of lack proper marketing program and some time we fail to close the sale because of increasing turnover of marketing employee. And more than insufficiency of teaching staff also decreasing confident of the soul of MEU. c)Target Audiences– (Employed expatriates) Non-Traditional Students THE SCOPE AND POTENTIALITY OF THIS MARKET IS UNLIMITED. A marketing campaign can be developed and tailored to fit the market. By emphasizing faculty support and guidance, there should be separate marketing staff for offering the potential prospects, BBA, BCOM, MBA, and MCOM PROGRAM TO employed expatriates in UAE. Furthermore, evening and weekend classes are expanded; it will be a marketing opportunity to reach this group with a message of convenience. With courses being offered in almost every top career field, MEU can easily look appealing to these are that considers she/he an employee first and a student second. MEU should promote the services of the Career Development Center to this group. We should keep the potentiality of this market if once we cached the fruits we easily expand the target audience also to local emirates’ d)Target Audiences – Diverse Student Body More needs to be done to recruit a diverse student body to MEU. New initiatives by the Office of Admissions are seeking to reach out to students through the Flint churches. Contacts have been made with the Urban League of Flint to try to engage the Black Scholar Award recipients in the coming year as well. Throughout the year, MEU HAVE TO bring hundreds of middle school and high school students to campus to introduce them to campus life. These programs should be supported with strong promotion whenever possible. It is also recommended that Admissions, University Relations meet on a regular basis to find new ways to market and promote these programs. A new initiative to attract International Students to MEU is in the beginning stages. This will require a broader marketing reach that will also result in enhancing diversity and promoting enrollment growth. While there are a large number of international students attending community colleges in UAE, attracting these students to MEU could take on a regional approach. A brochure has been developed for international students, but that is not enough. Specific advertisements addressing their needs should be run in student newspapers as well as some magazines. Again, this will be an expensive venture. e)Other Target Audiences Although five target populations have been chosen, there are associated groups, who have great influence over these potential students that need to be marketed. Marketing initiative needs to be developed to recruit not just the potential students, but also these groups that are influencing factors in their decision to pursue a degree. Direct Mail While e-mail can help to save on printing and postage costs, it cannot be used alone, especially in efforts to attract non-traditional and graduate students. The problem is many people change e-mail addresses often, or they do not check their e-mail on a regular basis. E-mail is simply not the most reliable form of communication. Direct mail continues to offer the most accurate response. It is also easy to track the results of direct mail, since most of the pieces created have a reply card. That information is entered into the University Relations Marketing database. This provides insight into which promotional pieces were well-received, and which had very little impact. Promotion of Academic Programs and Halo Programs The following areas were selected to become part of a pool from which programs will be selected for special promotion. Each of the programs chosen for advertising was selected based on three factors: 1. Interest from prospective students, 2. Growth potential and 3. Employment trends. Beyond marketing material development, detailed marketing plans need to be developed for each program. With the unique needs of each area, plans must be tailored to address specific attributes of each program, and the needs of various target audiences. Halo programs are an important component for helping to build the image of MEU as a quality academic institution. As with some academic programs, Halo Programs are being used to promote the university. Halo Programs are essential ingredients in mounting a successful public relations campaign. A good example of a Halo Program contributing to the image building process is nursing program. Management program is another outstanding halo program. By promoting such a high quality program, prospective students will perceive MEU as a leader in an important area of management, leadership and training, which then reflects positively on the entire University. Scholarship Development With rising tuition costs at public universities in UAE, it is recommended that scholarship development should be started to accelerate the pace to help potential students offset the price of pursuing a degree. Furthermore, a concentrated effort should be made to develop more opportunities for emirates’ to train them for facing corporate environment. Enrollment Planning Committee The Enrollment Planning Committee shall be chaired by the Vice Chancellor for Student Services and Enrollment Management. The purpose of the Enrollment Planning Committee is to establish goals, make recommendations to the Chancellor, suggest strategies and assist in setting enrollment targets for various areas of the University. The EPC will engage in the discussion and provide support and a framework for the following: †¢An Admissions Plan which identifies strategies and enrollment targets †¢A clear marketing plan that is tied to established enrollment goals †¢The Enrollment Planning Committee is tied to the Purpose Group Reports (in their final and accepted forms) and the mission of the institution. The EPC shall meet on a quarterly basis to discuss, recommend and move forward enrollment related issues. Membership of this committee would include Internal Communication Communicating the marketing initiatives to the campus community will be a major undertaking in the next few months. This can be done through a series of workshops, e-mails, and the formation of a Marketing Representatives Group. This group would be made up of designees from each unit on campus. The group would meet monthly to review marketing initiatives across units, and to coordinate efforts. Each representative would report back to their unit on the ongoing promotional efforts across the university. Internal Marketing For faculty and staff members, marketing is part of routine everyday business. Marketing is in the form of responding in helpful ways to phone calls or e-mails, assisting students with problems or questions, and being involved in the community. A continued emphasis must be placed on services to students at the institution. If a student or alum talks about their experience at MEU as positive, it is one of the most believable and affordable forms of advertising. Media Relations MEU has benefited in the last year from a strong relationship with the media. Mounting a media strategy campaign can help position the university as the ideal place to receive a liberal arts education in UAE. In an effort to take advantage of media attention, MEU should implement a media strategy including: †¢Identifying events/information that are appropriate for press conferences †¢Keep an updated list of all media contacts †¢Establish a contact with each department to find out newsworthy events †¢Work with local media in the creation of public service announcements that promote events on campus †¢Meet with the community relations leaders of media outlets to form partnerships that can provide free promotion of events †¢Maintain an up-to-date media resource guide for providing experts to various media outlets Visit Programs The most important recruiting strategy is the campus visit. With this in mind, the Office of University Relations along with the Office of Admissions and the Office of Graduate Programs is launching a new visitor’s center on campus. The primary purpose of the visitor’s center is to have a central-meeting point on campus for large groups. This room will be geared to hosting new visitors to the MEU campus. It will be a meeting point for tours, a room used for open houses and receptions, and general â€Å"starting point† for all visitors to the campus. These programs will be at times convenient for potential students and their families. Individuals who seek personalized attention will still be directed to the appropriate offices for service. Alumni However, they are still one of the most underutilized resources of the campus. In an effort to re-engage alumni, it is important to make them part of the public relations activities at MEU. Alumni should be formed and used for recruitment. They can be featured as success stories in publications or commercials. Community Involvement MEU should lead the way in community involvement. By opening the campus to the community for events, new visitors will be brought to the campus. This can leave a lasting, favorable impression. The campus should continue to support and open the doors to such events as Destination Imagination. An effort should be made to attract other academic and community events to campus such as science fairs, competitions, health fairs, business expos and others. By this gesture of goodwill to area organizations and businesses, it will build positive momentum for MEU. How to cite Marketing Plan for Educational Institution/University, Papers

Pay System of Alliston Medical Company-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Pay System of Alliston Medical Company in Canada. Answer: Introduction Alliston Instruments is a company in southern Ontario that manufactures medical instruments. It involves two kinds of processes. There are individual workers who manufacture the products using different machinery, tools and equipments which are of various sizes. Other workers then collect the components into the finished product after it goes through various processes at five to six workstations. The essential of a product is its quality and it depends on the quality of the components as well as the assembly process. Problems at Alliston In January 2014, when the financial statements of 2013 had already been published, everyone was gloomy. This was because in the fifty year history of the company, it was the first time that they had faced a loss. The CEO of the company took it as a problem of the production. The production report of 2013 showed that the number of defective units were more in that year, although there was an increase in production. Moreover, the amount of raw materials and other supplies wasted was also more in that year compared to other years. The labor costs were high but the total sales were down than previous years. It caused an overall increase in costs per unit. It takes time to do the work in two sets. A group of workers produce the medical components whereas the others start assembling those components. This might hamper the quality of the product as it depends on both the manufacturing and assembling process. With the increase in competition and onset of better instruments Alliston has sligh tly taken a backseat. The entry of two Asian firms with low- priced products in the Canadian market has increased the competition (McCollum, 2014). Structural and contextual variables The structural variables in an organization are coordination and departmentation, communication and information, control system, decision making and leadership and job design and reward sstem. Previously the company Alliston Instruments used to have increase in sales every year along with increase in profit. It had created record in 2010 with a profit of over $3 million. But as the medical industry has become more competitive therefore many medical firms have started producing high- quality medical equipments. Previously the Canadian market had two competitors, US and Europe but with the advent of two Asian firms in 2011, the competition increased. The advantage of Asian firms is that the labor cost is low which makes them put attractive prices on their products. But that causes a problem because buyers might have doubt about the potential quality of the products. For the time being, it seemed that Allistons customers would remain loyal because they were under pressure to reduce cost as a result of budget cuts. In 2011, due to the entry of an Asian competitor and its major increase in sales, Allistons sale was tremendously cut in 2012. This resulted in terminating fifty employees which was a large number in the history of Alliston (Hofmann, 2015). Managerial strategy To make up for this loss in sales, Alliston started including a number of new products. But a good sale of these new products did not really bring in a lot of money. This was because of the high production costs as a result of new equipments and the training of the employees. Some employees preferred not to work with the new equipments so the manager had to pressurize them not to use old equipments. The company was forced to increase the wage of the laborers in 2011- 12 because they were on strike which hampered the production of the company the peak season. The management and the labors in Alliston share a very bitter relationship, one always complaining about the other. To support the position of the HR, the management has been able to lower the turnover rate of employees. To increase the efficiency of the employees, the firm had to convince the union to accept the extra bonus in addition to their wages based on the individual output. A standard production rate of each of the items was established on the basis of the 2012 production report. Individual performance pay system According to reports, the production bonus system at Alliston Instruments is not working. As a result, the management needs to implement specific and individual performance pay system. The management needs to implement individual performance pay scale based on piece rates, commissions, merit pay and special purpose incentives. If the management of Alliston Instruments implements merit pay, the individual employees will be encouraged to work hard. This will help in increasing the production level of the company. Moreover, individual performance pay will also increase the employees to increase the sales of the medical equipment, as they will be lured due to extra pay. The management of the Alliston Instruments can enhance the performance of the employees by implementing monetary benefits (Stone Deadrick, 2015). However, there seemed to be various problems with the new pay system. If a supervisor sets the production standard very high the employees have a low chance to earn their extra bonus. Therefore, almost every employee tries not to work on a product that reduces the level of production. On the contrary, employees prefer working on products due to extra pay thereby, increasing the production level. Overall, it was seen that the scenario of net result has not changed at all. In a year, ten employees have resigned, or retired leading to a reduction in workforce, which further lead to a drop in production sale. This reduction in workforce was not replaced and productivity was not increased. This was partially counterbalanced by hiring two supervisors to control the needs for inspection, supervision and administering the bonus system. Another clerk was also appointed to handle the new pay system and its calculations (Xavier, 2014). There was complaint on the part of the supervisors about the new pay system because it had put them under extra pressure. This has given rise to conflict between the supervisors and the employees. The relationship which was bitter beforehand, worsened after this new system was introduced because no employee would want a poorly paid job. It was found out that employees are not bothered about the quality but the quantity should meet the minimum standard. They do not even pay heed to the wastage of raw materials. Supervisors need to look out more into these problems to keep the quality and quantity both up to the mark even though the pay is less. It sometimes happen that the supervisors are earning less than the employees as they do not fall under the category of the bonus system. The employees who are not in the union are not receiving any increase in their pay and three supervisors have quit too. It did not happen before in Alliston that one or two supervisors have left in a single ye ar (Eccles, Jacob Jacobsen, 2015). New performance pay system The union was not ready to accept the individual performance plan but they had accepted the new system of the one in return for a clause in the collective agreement. This ensures job security for the contemporary workforce of the union. Reduction in workforce had to be achieved through weakening production. The introduction of new products in new line by Alliston, or increasing the wage in 2011- 12 or by proper supervision has not been of much help to improve their condition. Normal standards were based on the estimates of the supervisors of the company which showed that the compensation strategies and the practices had affected the production of the company. Management of the company had accepted the condition because they did not want to have a lay off on their employees. They had an expectation that the new performance pay system will reduce the costs per unit so that the price of Alliston will be lowered and they will be able to regain back their lost business and reputation. Cus tomers have started complaining about the quality and price of the product. The financial data of the previous years showed that the sale had gone to the peak as well as fallen to its lowest. But the company cannot decrease the prices because the unit costs are very high. But the management has not been able to decide that what they have to do (Nazir, Shah Zaman, 2014). Recommendation Pay for performance- Pros: The best approach is pay for performance. The employees are rewarded on the basis of their productivity. It ties the compensation directly to the specific target of the company. Companies have to deliver competitive pay in order to do this for competitive levels of performance. They should match measurable and controllable performance aims to the objectives of the company. Cons: It causes contention among the employees. Jealousy and disagreements creates hostility in the workplace. They are afraid to give inputs regarding any changes. Employees become resistant to company changes. Changes in operating process decrease the productivity. Goal sharing and Gain sharing- Pros: Gives flexibility to the manager. The manager can decide how many hours can be paid for. It is not needed to pay for overtime work. Employees will be happy with their income. Payment of bonus encourages employees to increase production. Cons: Pay extra for over time or work on holidays. Extra perks for interesting salary and position. It requires proper planning by the manager. It is difficult to decide about bonus in a team work. A low commission rate will not attract the employees. Performance appraisal and group bonus plan- Pros: Provide a document of employee performance. Provide a structure for meeting between the managers and employees. Allow a manager an opportunity to provide the employee with feedback. Employees can clarify doubts and issues. Motivate employees by a good merit increase. Cons: Can create a negative impression. Very time consuming. It is based on human assessment so not valid totally. It can be overwhelming to managers with the employees. Create a stressful work environment. Out of these approaches, performance appraisal and group bonus plan can be considered as the best because it motivates the employees to perform better by telling him the demerits of his poor performance. A common scale of rating indicates that they are tied to the employees bonus. The narrative technique gives more details about job analysis. The comparison method compare an employee with another influence his performance. The 360 feedback lets the employee being evaluated by his colleagues, juniors, customers, and supervisors. Performance appraisal will motivate the employees as they will be rewarded based on their performance. The employees will thereby, feel that their contribution and effort towards the organization are valued. This will encourage the employees to perform better and even take initiatives for completing certain tasks. Enhancement in the employee performance will also improve the organizational performance thereby, increasing the production level. Conclusion Alliston, a special medical equipment manufacturing company have introduced the new system of pay for performance to motivate the employees to perform better. The supervisors had to face the employee strikes, as they were not ready to do low paying jobs. So a system of extra pay had to be introduced to satisfy the employees as well as increase the productivity and sale. References Adler, H., Ghiselli, R. (2015). The importance of compensation and benefits on university students perceptions of organizations as potential employers.Journal of Management and Strategy,6(1), 1. Bryant, P. C., Allen, D. G. (2013). Compensation, benefits and employee turnover: HR strategies for retaining top talent.Compensation Benefits Review,45(3), 171-175. Conroy, S. A., Yoon, Y. J., Bamberger, P. A., Gerhart, B., Gupta, N., Nyberg, A. J., ... Sturman, M. C. (2015). Past, Present and Future Compensation Research Perspectives.Compensation Benefits Review,47(5-6), 207-215. Eccles, R. N., Jacob, G. F., Jacobsen, W. (2015). The Year in Employee Benefits: Insights and Strategies for Retirement, Health, and Executive Compensation Plans. Gibbs, M. (2017). Past, Present and Future Compensation Research: Economist Perspectives.Compensation Benefits Review, 0886368717700972. Hofmann, A. (2015). Compensation and Benefits: Essentials of Base Salary.Handbook of Human Resources Management, 1-15. McCollum, G. (2014). Compensation and Benefits: Positive Trends.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics,114(1), 9. Nazir, T., Shah, S. F. H., Zaman, K. (2014). Review of literature on expatriate compensation and its implication for offshore workforce.Iranian Journal of Management Studies,7(2), 189. Stone, D. L., Deadrick, D. L. (2015). Challenges and opportunities affecting the future of human resource management.Human Resource Management Review,25(2), 139-145. Van De Voorde, K., Beijer, S. (2015). The role of employee HR attributions in the relationship between high?performance work systems and employee outcomes.Human Resource Management Journal,25(1), 62-78. Xavier, B. (2014). Shaping the future research agenda for compensation and benefits management: Some thoughts based on a stakeholder inquiry.Human resource management review,24(1), 31-40. Yanadori, Y. (2015). Compensation and benefits in the global organization.The Routledge companion to international human resource management, 190-209.

WAL-MART AND BHARTI TRANSFORMING RETAIL IN INDIA Essay Example

WAL-MART AND BHARTI: TRANSFORMING RETAIL IN INDIA Paper WAL-MART AND BHARTI: TRANSFORMING RETAIL IN INDIA BY -roni2208 WAL-MART AND BHARTI: TRANSFORMING RETAIL IN INDIA This report analyses and evaluates the situation of the retailer Wal-Mart in the Indian industry. On the point of creating a JV with the company Bharti, Wal-Mart has to resolve numerous challenges, range from the cultural differences to problems with its supply chain to strengthen its competitiveness, gain customer loyalty and becoming the go-to place. The Indian Retail Market The competiveness of the Indian retail sector will be evaluated, by applying the Porters 5 forces model. Threat of Entry Due to the competitive pressures of new entrants combined with stringent laws and regulations on FDI, this threat is considered as middle. The fact that the emerging Indian retail sector is ranked among the most promising sectors, the advantage of being the first mover is essential in order to gain competitive advantage. Threat of Substitutes Considered as middle, the threat of substitutes do not dominate the competiveness of the retail industry, due to the growing population, who have to buy their groceries at some places anyway, which they need for their daily life. Nevertheless the entality is changing from Save and Buy to Buy and Pay, there are still price sensitive Indians. Buyer power Regarding the Indian market, which is mainly dominated by unorganized retail, combined with the pressure on low margins, the bargaining power of buyers is very high. However Wal-Mart is known for its EDLP proposition which is essential to meet the Indian customer needs, who are very loyal to the lowest price. We will write a custom essay sample on WAL-MART AND BHARTI: TRANSFORMING RETAIL IN INDIA specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on WAL-MART AND BHARTI: TRANSFORMING RETAIL IN INDIA specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on WAL-MART AND BHARTI: TRANSFORMING RETAIL IN INDIA specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Supplier power The weak supply chain management, which is rather considered as the main factor of the low bargaining power of suppliers, is based on a poor infrastructure, which can ause delays in transportation. Rivalry between competitors This force is considered to have the main influence on the industry and is therefore very high. The JV is facing competition on the one hand from its main competitors; on the other hand from the dominating unorganized retail stores. In conclusion the Indian retail industry is considered as highly competitive, where it is difficult to sustain through a low-cost strategy. However low prices combined with a differentiation strategy would be the key factor in order to stand out from the competitors and to gain competitive advantage. Wal-Mart Wal-Marts core resource and competence is serving its customers with EDLP. Due to this valuable strategy, Wal-Mart is enjoying the cost-leadership and is therefore market leader In tne gloDal retall Inaustry. Wal-Mart estaDllsnea a close relatlonsnlp with its suppliers to bargain prices to lower its own prices and to force its competitors to do so as well. Moreover its main strategy is accompanied by the use of IT, which forms the heart of its business. Leveraging technology enhances planning and strengthens operations to improve the supply chain, which is costly and difficult o imitate. Based on its EDLP Strategy, which requires efficient processes, Wal-Mart stands out from its competitors and is enjoying sustained competitive advantage. Wal-Mart Bharti Joint-venture Regarding the future venture of Bharti, Wal-Mart will have to deal with numerous challenges range from strict laws and regulations to cultural differences. The SWOT analysis below will evaluate how well Bharti will fit into Wal-Marts operating plan. Strengths Bharti has grown the last few years by building global partnership. Its high presence n India combined with its deep knowledge of the growing consumer market can help to extend WalMarts retail expertise. It has built a huge network of suppliers and business partners which will be useful for the JV. Weaknesses Compared to Wal-Mart Bharti is a small company, which could lead to an imbalance of power. Moreover its experience in retail is very limited. The JV will require a lot of co-operating and cross cultural management. Opportunities The change from a S to B mentality, accompanied with an enhancement of the living conditions let the Indian retail market boom. Moreover the growing number of working youth and women leads to increased consumer spending and purchasing power. However Indian consumers still attach importance to lower prices. 2 Threats Wal-Marts poor social image as well as the strict labour laws and regulations on FDI can be serious issues. The poor infrastructure will cause a lot of problems, when implementing WalMarts efficient supply chain. Moreover already established retail companies and new entrants will make it more difficult for the JVto sustain in this highly competitive industry. Recommendation Based on the analysed facts, I deduced two main options open to the JV: Whether entering the Indian market or not. Not entering the Indian market is Justified by the enormous number of threats and weaknesses in the retail industry. This option would include avoiding businesses within India and cooperating with a company that has more expertise in retail. There are other markets with less regulations and customers who are still demanding low prices. Entering the Indian market will be a very risky and costly strategy. In order to succeed WalMart has to focus on its core competences as well as on differences in onsumer behaviour. Beside the low-price strategy, consumer demands a favourable price-quality ratio. Thereby Wal-Mart has to redefine its current strategy by focusing n OITTerentlatlon ana Keeping low prlces. conslaeraDle amounts 0T money will oe necessary to invest in the poor infrastructure in order to implement its sufficient supply chain. Due to the tremendous importance of respecting the Indian culture, Wal-Mart needs to establish social actions by implementing CSR. On the one hand Wal-Mart should adjust its supply chain towards an environment-friendly anagement; on the other hand a positive relationship with the community is crucial, by using local producers and stimulating the local economies. CSR can improve the reputation of the company enormously. A high reputation combined with the sufficient supply chain and a favourable price-quality ratio, can push the JV ahead. In conclusion, I would recommend Wal-Mart to enter the Indian market, while improving its core competences and implementing CSR, which are creating a sustained competitive advantage and thus leads to a strengthened competitiveness. 3

Regional dialects Essays

Regional dialects Essays Regional dialects Essay Regional dialects Essay Regional dialects show great variation on what was, in some cases, a uniform language and can pose a difficult problem when studying language change, as they conform to no logical pattern of difference from the standard language of a country. This usually comes from the dialect of the area of greatest political power, this being the South-east Midland dialect (encompassing London, Oxford and Cambridge) in England. A written standard language is particularly important for communication between regions and between people of different social groups. However the oral form of a standard language can be the most susceptible to change, as it is the type of language that is used most frequently and in the most widespread areas; as in the example of modern English. The influence of mass communication is producing a phonological change whereby regional accents are declining and becoming replaced by estuary English one of whose primary features is the glottal stop. English is also widely spoken as a second language or the primary foreign language of many speakers. Exposure to such people naturally brings about their changing the language which can cause the creation of pidgin forms, for example the widely used Tok Pisin of Papua New Guinea. However dialects that do not form the standard language tend to alter less rapidly due to the fewer number of speakers who often have a desire to retain the vocabulary that is seen as a part of their culture. Diachronic changes in semantics are diverse and often unpredictable. Patterns exist only in the classification of the certain types of change. Semantic word change tends to fall into three main groups. The meaning of a word can broaden, the term dogge in Middle English referred to a particular breed of dog; narrow, the word deer used to mean animal but narrowed to mean a particular species or shift the word silly in Old English meant happy, in Middle English this shifted to naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve and now has come to mean foolish.3 Semantic changes are always occurring. Currently a shift in English is taking place in the word disinterested. Traditionally the word means to be impartial, however present generations are confusing the word which is now becoming a synonym for uninterested.  Due to the vast time period of language change and the sheer number of factors that affect it, it can be difficult to understand why changes affect certain aspects of the language and not others. In English ough has eight different recognised forms of pronunciation. In addition to this, in Chinese for example, the oral forms of a language can change out of all recognition to become a different language yet at the same time written form can remain mutually intelligible. This shows that speech and written language are two very different areas that can change in different ways, and that these changes can happen independently of each other. Changes in language can also occur due to individual speakers. It is true that parole, according to F. de Sassure, is the way in which an individual produces their language; however these changes can be perpetuated permanently when new generations adopt traits from their parents by creative copying, so that gradually, a language changes imperceptibly to a current speaker, unless it is compared with the language of previous generations. For example the differences in lexicon and even intonation of voice heard on film footage of the First World War and even as recently as the Fifties. Analogical formations can also become accepted into standard language, in Old English the -s ending was only one of many plurals but is now standard. As mentioned previously, social factors such as the development of technology and changes in education, along with words that come into (and out of) fashion can affect languages, particularly within the younger generations, without any apparent predictability. Certain buzz words change semantically from one generation to become the latest word for cool, ultimately, these trends rely on the individual to decide whether to use and pass on such words so that they become embedded in the lexicon. It must be said that the unpredictability of language change caused by the influence of history and social factors, can only show certain tendencies for changes that happen rather than them complying to rigid rules. Even though patterns can be analysed in diachronic linguistics, this is simply a demonstration of what has occurred as opposed to an explanation as to why the change has happened. The diversity of language change is so great, and on the whole unpredictable that it can not be submitted to complete and generalised analysis.

Occupational Stress suffered by Anesthesiologists Essay

Occupational Stress suffered by Anesthesiologists - Essay Example In which case, physical and emotional stress are natural and cannot be avoided (Alves, 2005). This situation is called occupational stress. According to the US Department of Health and Human Services (1999), occupational stress refers to the unsafe physical and emotional responses that surface when the abilities, resources or needs of a worker do not match the latter’s abilities. In other words, this is felt when the demands on a worker become too much for such worker’s ability to fulfill those demands (Lazarus, 1991). In a survey conducted by the US Department of Health and Human Services (1999), 40% of the American workers see their jobs as enormously stressful which made the healthcare expenditures of US increased to as much as 50% (Sauter & Hurrell, 1999). According to the study of Dickson (1996), the main sources of occupational stress for anesthesiologists were overload in work, professional relationship and lack of control. The study of Nyssen (2003), on the same note, identified the lack of control over work, risks and time factors, the lack of supervision, and communication within the organization, particularly with the surgeons, as the major sources of stress for anesthesiologists (Nyssen et al, 2003). The studies conformed with the study of Kinzl (2007) that lack of control, especially for female anesthesiologists, is really a major contributor of stress. A different set of factors have been elicited during the ASA Annual Meeting in Orlando Florida in October 1998 wherein the attendees of the ASA Resident Component House of Delegates responded to an anonymous questionnaire about stress factors. However, it has to be noted that the respondents are anesthesiologists undergoing the residency programs. The answers identified were t he insufficient support given by the residency program, lack of contentment with the teaching given during the residency program, the lack of time for reading and the small chance to recreate

Listening Without Resistance and Systems Thinking Research Paper

Listening Without Resistance and Systems Thinking - Research Paper Example In addition, I have been judging the accent of the other party in the conversation. I have been thinking that people who have great accent are less literate. This has been making me get less keen when listening to them. Conversations I have had in the past weeks were just discussions. Discussion is listening without a desire to be changed by the conversation (Mozdzierz, 2009). A dialogue, on the other hand, is a special way of conversation in which one is willing to be influenced by the conversation (Robinson & Rose, 2007). The conversations I have had in the past weeks could not fit to be called dialogue. This is because of my behavior of choosing not to be keen when the other party in a conversation had an accent, pronunciation problem or spoke less audibly. In most cases, my actions were either partially or completely withdrawing myself from the conversation. Therefore, I have done more of discussion than dialogue. Conversations could be easily converted to dialogue using several advantage points. One of the points is completing the features of a conversation. According to Nikulin (2010), this could be done by personal voice, unfinalizability, and allosensus. Another point is asking for clarifications during the conversation. This could increase someone’s attentiveness on the conversation. As a result, the conversation would have a great influence on the person and thus converted into a dialogue. The other point is reframing the message communicated during a conversation. This could avoid negative reactions and judgments made during conversations. As a result, the conversation would have a great influence on the parties involved and thus it would have been converted to a dialogue. System thinking is one of the five disciplines defined by Senge to guide activities of a learning organization. According to Wyk (2003), system thinking could be conceptualized as a tool for making complex patterns in a learning organization much

Health Care In United States Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Health Care In United States - Research Paper Example (Holohan, 2010) Thanks to the PPACA 32 million more of the most economically vulnerable Americans will have access to health insurance. (Health Reform Act, 2011) The PPACA is landmark legislation many thought would never occur and was a hard fought success for President Obama and what was at the time a Democratic dominated congress. It addressed many significant health issues and will facilitate millions of citizens while saving the nation billions of dollars. However, the PPACA is not universal health care or even close to it. Going further than the PPACA by ratifying universal health care would radically reduce the burden lower and middle income family’s face due to healthcare costs while also reducing the division of health care services along family economic lines. Most Americans share the same opinion as the majority of the industrialized world. Society has a shared moral responsibility, to offer everyone health care without concern for the amount of money they have. When asked â€Å"do you think the federal government should guarantee health care for all Americans?† Americans support health care that is guaranteed by the federal government by a pretty wide margin of 62-38 percent.

How Does Racism Impact Interpersonal Relationships?

How Does Racism Impact Interpersonal Relationships? When I saw the opportunity to complete a research paper on racism arose I immediately jumped on the topic. I chose the question, how does racism impact interpersonal relationships? In Saginaw, the city in which I am born and raised, I see a lot of racism and racist acts every day. There is a river that is basically a line in the sand that divides the whites from the blacks. Saginaw was just recently voted the most dangerous city per capita in America for the third straight year. I have many African American, Mexican, Chinese, and Chaldean friends. I am comfortable with my friends families as well as my own. The current racism in the country is just unreal to me. In all reality racism does factor into, not only interpersonal relationships, but all relationships. How do you define race? Is race some territory marked off by some line? Is it a tint of your skin? There is racism in relationships, racism in areas of the community, and racism in the voting process. Racism factors into many different parts of our everyday lives. It may be so minute you may not even notice. Take for instance; you just finished dinner with your spouse and she notices a man of color approaching and she grabs your arm and squeezes her purse tightly. Now, think about if you have ever walked into a place and have someone stare at you, then quickly grasp their wallet? What about when you are walking in the mall and a mother looks up at you and switches her purse from the side nearest you to the other side of a stroller. Jean Moule (2009) calls these instances blink of an eye racism. He says, Such unconscious biases lead to unintentional racism: racism that is usually invisible even and especially to those who perpetrate it. Yet, most people do not want to be considered racist or capable of racist acts because the spoken and unspoken norm is that good people do not discriminate or in any way participate in racism (p. 321). The article states biases are rooted in stereotypes and prejudices. A stereotype is a basic image or distorted truth about a person or group based on a prejudgment of habits, traits, abilities, or expectations. The mind also has ways of denying its stereotypes. Such as saying Oh, I have a many close black friends, when an individual would be confronted with their racists remarks or actions towards that of a black individual. Moules article quotes, And when we receive evidence that confronts our deeply held and usually unrecognized biases, the human brain usually finds ways to return to stereotypes. The human brain uses a mechanism called re-fencing when confronted with evidence contrary to the stereotype. Allport coined the term: When a fact cannot fit into a mental field, the exception is acknowledged, but the field is hastily fenced in again and not allowed to remain dangerously open(Moule). In uncertain situations, peoples minds also reconstruct a situation in order to conform to their stereotypes. For instance, when a judge is dealing with a black defendant, rather than that of a white defendant, he is much more likely to favor that side of which he is not racist towards, and the fact that, regardless of explicit racial prejudices, police officers are more likely to shoot an unarmed black target than an unarmed white target (Moule). What is race? Can it be defined? Is there a line that separates certain races from another? Race is just a term created in the last 500 years that was used for individuals that had not experienced any clinical variation in their lives. So these race terms were developed and hence this is the world we live in now. So where is the start of personal prejudice? Do individual experiences fuel stereotypes? Is it easier to be responsible for existing stereotypes because things will never change? Can people conquer struggles within their own ethnic groups or communities? What stops us from overcoming these prejudices? Crash forced me to analyze my own prejudices and racial stereotypes towards others. I always thought that racism occurred as a result of a persons upbringing. If your parents were racist, there is a good chance that you will be a racist too. In the movie Crash, a cop has a close bond with his father. The son tries to help his father anyway he can, but plays phone tag and becomes frustrated. Later in the movie, we discover the roots of his racism. It turns out that his father was not racist towards black people. It was the son who, in combination with his fathers negative experiences and his own as a member of the LAPD, formed his own perceptions towards blacks. Another example of how race factors into relationships, occurred at the beginning of the film when the Persian family was attempting to purchase a gun. The clerk at the gun shop made a few blatantly racist comments about the perceptions of the customers and their connections with the 9/11 attacks. Ludacris character was one of the most interesting to me. Here was this expressive young black man that spent his life stealing cars from white people. Rap music is the music of the oppressor, he said. It is often easier to blame other individuals for your shortcomings t han it is to confront them head on. On the flipside, trouble facing stereotypes can occur anywhere. They are not simply restricted to skin-tone and neighborhoods. Racial discrimination transpires through social class as well. This creates division within the same racial groups. In the film, there was a man portrayed as a rich, African American television star. He achieved success as a hard working black man. The actor faced scrutiny from both of his people, namely his wife and from his white producer. It was like a catch-22: if he wanted to be successful, he needed to act like a white man. With that came two major problems. Just because he had a good paying job, he failed to acknowledge that all the money in the world couldnt change the fact that he was a black man. For instance, in the movie, look what happened with the LAPD. They did not care that he was a law abiding Buddhist, he was still black. With the success he had as an actor, it was also possible that he developed a complex, thinking he was entitled to white privileges. As a result of that complex, he faced a flood of embarrassment, shame, frustration, and anger. When Sandra Bullock, first saw the Mexican locksmith, she made a snap judgment. He is a gang-banger because of his shaved head, prison t attoos and his pants around his ass. She determined that he was going to sell her house keys to one of his homeys. Contrary to her analysis, he was a soft-spoken, sensitive family man. These instances just support that racism does factor into relationships. Another instance of how race factors into relationships would be that of my own. Once, when I was a late teen I was driving around on my citys eastside. The town of Saginaw is the number one most dangerous city in America per capita for the last four years running. Although we have reduced crime by 24% we still lead the nation in crime. The city is divided almost in two parts, with the Saginaw River as the primary dividing line. Westside is the township and where the whites and the suburbs are. The eastside is where the boarded up windows and closed down buildings are. Also, on the eastside is where the majority of Saginaws black population lives. This is not saying that there are not whites on the east or blacks on the west; its just saying that the city is one of the most segregated towns in America and the river is the dividing line. It was after the sun had set and it was just before dark settled in. The YMCA is located just across the bridge on the eastside. It was here where I realized that when you were told not to go over the bridge at night, you should listen. I was walking to my car after working out, when I was ambushed and the fight occurred. There were two black men and they came out of the dark just from around the dumpster. They wanted my belongings and there was a disagreement and I put a master lock around my knuckles and fended for my life. I managed to flee, but I lost my gym bag, the least of my worries at the time. I tried to call police but when they arrived, they acted like it was my fault for being across the bridge after sunset. It seemed that this unwritten rule reigned supreme over my attempted burglary case. They took down my info on a paper and I could have sworn that they threw out my info before they even got into their car. I was just shocked at the lack of interest or care for that matter. I never received a call back from the police and I never felt so neglected in my life. So I feel like racism does factor into interpersonal r elationships. Due to all the above information and the fact that even if you dont tend to think you are being racist, you tend to be anyways. It may be the slightest touch of racism, however it is still racism and this is why it effects and will always affect interpersonal relationships. The answer I came to at the end of the day was the same answer I thought I would have before I began this paper. Racism is so bold that society as a whole is blind to it. Its not the fact that people are ignoring racism, its just so miniscule and if you grow up around little to no racism, you can see the whole racism picture. If you tend to be raised racist or even learn from those whose views are diminished, you are more likely to be racist. Some of society is racist, but they are just blind to it because they feel as if it was the way they were raised. These notions can be spotted throughout the world. I expected this answer however, because I have seen racism every day of my life and I know it factors into relationships even if the relationship is blind to the fact. I may believe this though because of the community I grew up in. As you read, it was a crime-filled and segregated city, so maybe I am biased due to the area I grew up in and the environment where I went to school. Until we as a society and as individuals, can take the time to understand the roots of discrimination and take a good look at our own thought patterns, well never move forward. Movies like Crash are forcing us to look outside our own lives and fears, to realize that were more alike than we think. Aside from the genetic differences between us, we all have problems and internal struggles. Thats what makes us human.

Micromotives and Macrobehavior Essay -- essays research papers

Micromotive is the inner motivation that leads us in performing particular acts. Those decisions are to pursue peoples’ own self interest, unintentionally lead to contradict with other people’s acts. Chasing that idea of human nature T. Shelling gives us variable results of how micromotives can guide the society in the world of externalities. Economists tend to rely on A. Smith’s â€Å"Wealth of nation† where he talks about invisible hand theorem† according to which people seek to promote their own self interests in the society and also promote the interest of society. (McConnel, B.). Schelling in his paper presents things from different angle. He convinces us that individual actions can lead to surprising results as an aggregate. In our society people selfishly follow their own interests not considering the results those may have on others: either positive or negative. For instance Wright Brothers have invented the first airplane. That is a great example of positive spillover. Inventers chase their own interest on the first place, but in the long term they have contributed into societal progress. Therefore now we can get to the destination faster and easier. An example of negative externality is someone who refuses to pay the taxes to the government. To save money acts on his own interest behalf, when at the same time his action doesn’t benefit societal â€Å"bank†. That behavior could decrease future potentials for societal development if left ungoverned. Shelling introduces coordi...

Pedagogical Techniques: Cognitive Disequilibrium an Goldilocks Principle

Cognitive Disequilibrium There will always be different kinds of intellects at classrooms. What are considered the worst students do not like to think through a problem or find out how a mechanism works, while some of the better students may understand the same concepts but do not think further about them once they are done learning what they had to learn. This is when the presence of a teacher asking them questions comes into play. A technique used to make students think further is called the cognitive disequilibrium. Cognitive disequilibrium is in charge of daring students to think of better ways why something works the way it does.The name itself points at imbalanced knowledge towards a certain topic. Let’s take for example a group of students leading an experiment where they are mostly sure of what the outcome will be. Their desire to find results that matches their theory will be biased, and if something in the experiment indicates their theory is not completely true ther e will be a moment of conflicting cognitions; this is what researchers call cognitive disequilibrium. Starting as early as the 1950’s, social psychologist Leon Festinger coined the term â€Å"cognitive dissonance† in his book When Prophecy Fails.At the same time, developmental psychologist Jean Piaget realized his work in cognitive developmental theory, including a close approach to cognitive dissonance. He conceptualized that as a child grows up, he will constantly be finding new information that will challenge the former beliefs he had, thus making an imbalance in cognition and making the child adapt to a new set of ideas (Colombo, 2002). This kind of conflict affects learning the same way it can affect the process of gathering information. Much like in research, theories can change drastically based on how big the changes are when finding new data.According to Chin and Brewer (1993) there are seven different forms of response to inconsistent information, the unpredi cted information that can possibly throw off one’s already learned knowledge: ignoring, rejecting, excluding, abeyance, reinterpreting, peripheral change, and theory change. Because of its ability to change theories and change our perception of beliefs, cognitive disequilibrium is not only a concept, but it also serves as a major pedagogical technique. In the context of educational psychology, cognitive disequilibrium can be used as a tool to defy students and their ideas.We can see instances where in class a teacher asks a student a question related to the material to see if the student is familiar with it, but that does not show understanding of the material. By asking more in-depth questions of why a student thinks he has the right answer or by asking about how he came about finding the answer we are solidifying a pathway that shows us why the answer is such. If there is not an exact pathway that could explain how one came to conclude that the answer is correct, there may be an error in between that could change the answer. In the case of our lecture class, Dr.Zola has made use of this technique in a couple of occasions to motivate students into thinking deeper about their answers to simple questions he makes. I remember at least one occasion where he asks a simple question about a student’s take on a subject, and when the student confidently answered, Dr. Zola asked follow-up questions that made the student rethink his response, and thus think better about his argument. Not only would he give follow-up questions, but introduce new ideas backed up by other researchers of prestige that could really change the way we think.The times he presents new information that unbalances our beliefs are just followed by very small pauses where we reconsider our ideas, until we have to discuss them with other students or we move ahead to new material. Every concept that we rethink due to new information presented should be given a good amount of time to brea k down what we know about the concept and build up a new conclusion in our minds. By giving us more time to think, we can further build up on the ideas on our mind and solidify the new concepts we are learning.Like I said before, we need to plan out a pathway that leads us to our concluding ideas or theories. Due to the fact that most of our work in lecture and discussion is based on partner or group talk; we need to be ready to give out our opinions on different matters with a solid argument. It is true that most of the concepts we learn about in lecture are somewhat familiar to us since we have dealt with them ourselves or we have seen people been affected by what researches have to say about cognitive development.However, it is always good to satisfy the need to learn more about different concepts by bringing up new information that will make us see the concept from a different angle. We need to be able to break down what we know about the concept, pick up the details that are st ill useful to us, get rid of the details that are no longer any useful, and accept the new details that will shape our concepts in different ways. Goldilocks Principle Another technique used by effective teachers deals with being able to assign tasks and assignments to students so that they fit their levels of skill or prior knowledge.The Goldilocks principle is appropriate for this, since it deals with finding the right level of difficulty materials that are given to students. Like Graesser mentioned it (2008), material that is too easy for the audience will be disregarded as it may seem repetitive from what the audience or students have learned before; if the material is too hard, students may find it too frustrating and will give up. This technique suggests that materials and assignments should not be too hard or too easy.At a right, constant level students will remain engaged with the material. This is related to what O’Donnell, Reeve, and Smith (2008) explained as Vygots ky’s â€Å"zone of proximal development† as the concept that tells us that a child should be taught at his own level of recent maturity. This means that a student shouldn’t be pushed to work the material as if he has already mastered it or been experienced with it, but that he should work the material as if he’s still practicing it. As Wolfe et al. 1998) demonstrated in their article a group of researchers from two different schools experiment how background knowledge can affect students’ ability to comprehend different materials given. In this experiment, students were given the task to learn about something of background knowledge to them; in this case, it was the functions if the human heart. Students were given the same material but in different reading levels. The researchers found out that little background knowledge on the topic made the students gain about as much knowledge as the students with major background knowledge did.In other words, students whose prior knowledge did not overlap enough with the contents of the text did not learn well but neither did students whose knowledge overlapped too much with the contents of the text. At the end of their research, they found out that â€Å"low-knowledge† students understood just as much as â€Å"high-knowledge† students when their material was customized for the highly coherent and detailed, just as when the material given to high-knowledge students was presented with coherent gaps that they had to fill in by themselves.This technique should be used in a classroom environment to reach for those students that are not fully engaged to the material given. In the classroom we could find different types of learners, but it is fair to say that under-challenged and over-challenged students make up most of the class. By finding a way to balance the material and presenting it in a way that is fully detailed for some and challenging for others the instructor will be able to have most, if not all of the class fully engaged. Based on what I have experienced in class, we can say that Dr. Zola has made good use of this technique. Dr.Zola is letting his students use their own background knowledge to fill in gaps in the knowledge of other students through discussion. By bringing up questions that almost everybody is familiar with, but that everybody has a different take on, the discussions amongst students can last for a good while, and students always end up learning from each other when sharing stories and background knowledge. After all, there are several ways to keep a variety of learners engaged in the classroom, as by having discussions to keep the class active, integrating other fields in the material, stimulating the senses of the audience, etc.These last mentioned only keep the class active, and hopefully everybody engaged, but as a teacher one must still work on filling those gaps that some students may have about the material being learned . References Colombo, J. (2002) Infant Attention Grows up: The Emergence of a Developmental CognitiveNeuroscience Perspective. Current Directions in Psychological Science  , Vol. 11, No. 6 (Dec. , 2002), pp. 196-200. Retrieved from http://www. jstor. org/stable/20182811 Wolfe, M. W. , Schreiner, M. E. , Rehder, B. , Lahman, D. , Folts, P. W. , Kintsch, W. , & Landaure, T. K. (1998).Learning From Text: Matching Readers and Text by Latent Semantic Analysis. Discourse Processes, 25(2/3), 309-336. Graesser (2008). 25 Learning Principles to Guide Pedagogy and the Design of Learning Environments. Life Long Learning at Work and at Home. Retrieved from http://psyc. memphis. edu/learning O’Donnell, A. , Reeve, J. , Smith, F. (2008) Educational Psychology: Reflection for Action. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. Chinn, C. A. , & Brewer, W. F. (1993). The role of anomalous data in knowledge acquisition: A theoretical Framework and implications for.. Review of Educational Research, 63(1) , 1. Pedagogical Techniques: Cognitive Disequilibrium an Goldilocks Principle Cognitive Disequilibrium There will always be different kinds of intellects at classrooms. What are considered the worst students do not like to think through a problem or find out how a mechanism works, while some of the better students may understand the same concepts but do not think further about them once they are done learning what they had to learn. This is when the presence of a teacher asking them questions comes into play. A technique used to make students think further is called the cognitive disequilibrium. Cognitive disequilibrium is in charge of daring students to think of better ways why something works the way it does.The name itself points at imbalanced knowledge towards a certain topic. Let’s take for example a group of students leading an experiment where they are mostly sure of what the outcome will be. Their desire to find results that matches their theory will be biased, and if something in the experiment indicates their theory is not completely true ther e will be a moment of conflicting cognitions; this is what researchers call cognitive disequilibrium. Starting as early as the 1950’s, social psychologist Leon Festinger coined the term â€Å"cognitive dissonance† in his book When Prophecy Fails.At the same time, developmental psychologist Jean Piaget realized his work in cognitive developmental theory, including a close approach to cognitive dissonance. He conceptualized that as a child grows up, he will constantly be finding new information that will challenge the former beliefs he had, thus making an imbalance in cognition and making the child adapt to a new set of ideas (Colombo, 2002). This kind of conflict affects learning the same way it can affect the process of gathering information. Much like in research, theories can change drastically based on how big the changes are when finding new data.According to Chin and Brewer (1993) there are seven different forms of response to inconsistent information, the unpredi cted information that can possibly throw off one’s already learned knowledge: ignoring, rejecting, excluding, abeyance, reinterpreting, peripheral change, and theory change. Because of its ability to change theories and change our perception of beliefs, cognitive disequilibrium is not only a concept, but it also serves as a major pedagogical technique. In the context of educational psychology, cognitive disequilibrium can be used as a tool to defy students and their ideas.We can see instances where in class a teacher asks a student a question related to the material to see if the student is familiar with it, but that does not show understanding of the material. By asking more in-depth questions of why a student thinks he has the right answer or by asking about how he came about finding the answer we are solidifying a pathway that shows us why the answer is such. If there is not an exact pathway that could explain how one came to conclude that the answer is correct, there may be an error in between that could change the answer. In the case of our lecture class, Dr.Zola has made use of this technique in a couple of occasions to motivate students into thinking deeper about their answers to simple questions he makes. I remember at least one occasion where he asks a simple question about a student’s take on a subject, and when the student confidently answered, Dr. Zola asked follow-up questions that made the student rethink his response, and thus think better about his argument. Not only would he give follow-up questions, but introduce new ideas backed up by other researchers of prestige that could really change the way we think.The times he presents new information that unbalances our beliefs are just followed by very small pauses where we reconsider our ideas, until we have to discuss them with other students or we move ahead to new material. Every concept that we rethink due to new information presented should be given a good amount of time to brea k down what we know about the concept and build up a new conclusion in our minds. By giving us more time to think, we can further build up on the ideas on our mind and solidify the new concepts we are learning.Like I said before, we need to plan out a pathway that leads us to our concluding ideas or theories. Due to the fact that most of our work in lecture and discussion is based on partner or group talk; we need to be ready to give out our opinions on different matters with a solid argument. It is true that most of the concepts we learn about in lecture are somewhat familiar to us since we have dealt with them ourselves or we have seen people been affected by what researches have to say about cognitive development.However, it is always good to satisfy the need to learn more about different concepts by bringing up new information that will make us see the concept from a different angle. We need to be able to break down what we know about the concept, pick up the details that are st ill useful to us, get rid of the details that are no longer any useful, and accept the new details that will shape our concepts in different ways. Goldilocks Principle Another technique used by effective teachers deals with being able to assign tasks and assignments to students so that they fit their levels of skill or prior knowledge.The Goldilocks principle is appropriate for this, since it deals with finding the right level of difficulty materials that are given to students. Like Graesser mentioned it (2008), material that is too easy for the audience will be disregarded as it may seem repetitive from what the audience or students have learned before; if the material is too hard, students may find it too frustrating and will give up. This technique suggests that materials and assignments should not be too hard or too easy.At a right, constant level students will remain engaged with the material. This is related to what O’Donnell, Reeve, and Smith (2008) explained as Vygots ky’s â€Å"zone of proximal development† as the concept that tells us that a child should be taught at his own level of recent maturity. This means that a student shouldn’t be pushed to work the material as if he has already mastered it or been experienced with it, but that he should work the material as if he’s still practicing it. As Wolfe et al. 1998) demonstrated in their article a group of researchers from two different schools experiment how background knowledge can affect students’ ability to comprehend different materials given. In this experiment, students were given the task to learn about something of background knowledge to them; in this case, it was the functions if the human heart. Students were given the same material but in different reading levels. The researchers found out that little background knowledge on the topic made the students gain about as much knowledge as the students with major background knowledge did.In other words, students whose prior knowledge did not overlap enough with the contents of the text did not learn well but neither did students whose knowledge overlapped too much with the contents of the text. At the end of their research, they found out that â€Å"low-knowledge† students understood just as much as â€Å"high-knowledge† students when their material was customized for the highly coherent and detailed, just as when the material given to high-knowledge students was presented with coherent gaps that they had to fill in by themselves.This technique should be used in a classroom environment to reach for those students that are not fully engaged to the material given. In the classroom we could find different types of learners, but it is fair to say that under-challenged and over-challenged students make up most of the class. By finding a way to balance the material and presenting it in a way that is fully detailed for some and challenging for others the instructor will be able to have most, if not all of the class fully engaged. Based on what I have experienced in class, we can say that Dr. Zola has made good use of this technique. Dr.Zola is letting his students use their own background knowledge to fill in gaps in the knowledge of other students through discussion. By bringing up questions that almost everybody is familiar with, but that everybody has a different take on, the discussions amongst students can last for a good while, and students always end up learning from each other when sharing stories and background knowledge. After all, there are several ways to keep a variety of learners engaged in the classroom, as by having discussions to keep the class active, integrating other fields in the material, stimulating the senses of the audience, etc.These last mentioned only keep the class active, and hopefully everybody engaged, but as a teacher one must still work on filling those gaps that some students may have about the material being learned . References Colombo, J. (2002) Infant Attention Grows up: The Emergence of a Developmental CognitiveNeuroscience Perspective. Current Directions in Psychological Science  , Vol. 11, No. 6 (Dec. , 2002), pp. 196-200. Retrieved from http://www. jstor. org/stable/20182811 Wolfe, M. W. , Schreiner, M. E. , Rehder, B. , Lahman, D. , Folts, P. W. , Kintsch, W. , & Landaure, T. K. (1998).Learning From Text: Matching Readers and Text by Latent Semantic Analysis. Discourse Processes, 25(2/3), 309-336. Graesser (2008). 25 Learning Principles to Guide Pedagogy and the Design of Learning Environments. Life Long Learning at Work and at Home. Retrieved from http://psyc. memphis. edu/learning O’Donnell, A. , Reeve, J. , Smith, F. (2008) Educational Psychology: Reflection for Action. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. Chinn, C. A. , & Brewer, W. F. (1993). The role of anomalous data in knowledge acquisition: A theoretical Framework and implications for.. Review of Educational Research, 63(1) , 1.